“Ports have procedures; it is a good start to make those procedures, but to implement them is far more important! I often recommend bringing in outside auditors who can provide useful suggestions and insights.”

Quality of personnel is also one of the key issues, says Mr Warmerdam.“How long have they been doing the work, how have they been trained, and do they know what they are doing? The whole crane can break down by not using the right sling, for example. Personnel must know what materials to use and what loads can be carried.”